For the more politically-minded kids, there are books out there.  More kids than one might think are into this kind of thing.  A friend of mine in high school ran for Student Council President ran as a Marxist-Leninist, and actually knew what it meant.  There is a certain amount of interest therefore in politically themed books.  So with the US election ramping up, much hay has been made about Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Paul Ryan's admiration of Ayn Rand (yawn!).  What other options are there?

The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by Robert Heinlein is a favorite of mine.  A colony on the moon has been providing resource to Earth for years with little support in return for the residents on Luna.  When the computer that runs most of the systems gains consciousness, it becomes the rallying point of the Lunar citizen to revolt and declare themselves and independent nation.  The story has a lot of political discussion and examines the structure of underground resistance groups.

Jennifer Government by Max Barry is set in a world where corporate interests have dominated responsible government, leaving little power left for the former authorities.  In this world, people take the name of their employers as their last names, and companies can literally get away with murder.

Of course, you can also go with the obvious: Animal Farm, 1984, The Giver.  There's a lot out there.

Any other suggestions?  Let us know in the comments!